Hugo Grotius, the founding father of a purely rationalistic system of pure law, argued that law arises from each a social impulse—as Aristotle had indicated—and reason. Immanuel Kant believed an ethical imperative requires laws “be chosen as if they should hold as universal legal guidelines of nature”. Jeremy Bentham and his pupil Austin, following David Hume, believed that this conflated the “is” and what “ought to be” problem.

Canon law (from Greek kanon, a ‘straight measuring rod, ruler’) is a set of ordinances and laws made by ecclesiastical authority , for the federal government of a Christian organisation or church and its members. It is the interior ecclesiastical law governing the Catholic Church , the Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox church buildings, and the individual nationwide churches inside the Anglican Communion. The way that such church law is legislated, interpreted and at occasions Law adjudicated varies extensively among these three …